COST PRICE: THE PRICE AT WHICH ARTICLE IS PURCHASED.ABBREVATED AS C.P.

SELLING PRICE: THE PRICE AT WHICH ARTICLE IS SOLD.

PROFIT OR GAIN:IF SP IS GREATER THAN CP,THE SELLING PRICE IS SAID TO HAVE PROFIT OR GAIN.

LOSS: IF SPIS LESS THAN CP,THE SELLER IS SAID TO INCURED A LOSS.

FORMULA

1.GAIN=(SP)-(CP).          2.LOSS=(CP)-(SP).

3.LOSS OR GAIN IS ALWAYS RECKONED ON CP

4. GAIN %={GAIN*100}/CP.                                                                             

5.LOSS%={LOSS*100}/CP.

6.SP={(100+GAIN%) /100}*CP.

7.SP={(100-LOSS%)/100}*CP.

8.{100/(100+GAIN%)} *SP

9.CP=100/(100-LOSS%)}*SP

10.IF THE ARTICLE IS SOLD AT A GAIN OF SAY 35%, THEN SP =135% OF CP

11.IF A ARTICLE IS SOLD AT A LOSS OF SAY 35%. THEN SP=65% OF CP.

12.WHEN A PERSON SELLS TWO ITEMS,ONE AT A GAIN OF X% AND OTHER AT A LOSS OF X%.THEN THE SELLER ALWAYS INCURES A LOSS GIVEN:

{LOSS%=(COMON LOSS AND GAIN ) ²}/10.=(X/10) ²

13.IF THE TRADER PROFESSES TO SELL HIS GOODS AT CP BUT USES FALSE WEIGHTS,THEN

GAIN=[ERROR/(TRUE VALUE)-(ERROR)*100]%