Putting it all Together

These underpinning technologies that we have described in this document form the components of the IoT architecture, which is a layered system comprising:
The sensor layer – this is the lowest abstraction layer and provides the interface between the physical and digital worlds. The sensor layer is responsible for collecting and processing real time information
The Gateway Layer – due to there be a variety of standards and vendor proprietary protocols there is a requirement for a hub or gateway layer that can handle translation and interconnection of diverse products, devices and protocols. The Gateway layer also acts as the network layer supporting the requirements for latency, bandwidth and security.
The Management Layer – this level provides for analytics of the huge amounts of raw data collected from the sensors. It also provides support for real-time analytic streaming and provides privacy and security of data
The Application Layer – This is the user IoT interface that supports applications for each of the vertical markets, such as transport, retail, health, etc...