Data set 3: Sea breezes, balls, balloons and submarines
Posted by Superadmin on March 08 2016 06:11:00
A balloon will return to its original shape after it has been stretched and a ball will return to its original shape after it has been compressed. A dough- or paste-like substance, for example bread dough or toothpaste, when compressed and stretched will not return to its original shape. Balloons and balls are said to be elastic while a dough or paste is said to be plastic.
A submarine alters its weight by adjusting the amount of air or water in its ballast tanks. This way it can remain at a given depth, rise or sink in the water. The principle behind the submarine’s manoeuvres
can be described as upward force = weight of submarine.
A sea breeze involves the transfer of heat by convection. At the coast during the day the land warms faster than the sea and this causes air over the land to warm and rise; cooler air from over the sea then
moves in to replace the air over the land that has risen. At night the land cools faster than the sea and so the process is reversed.
< means less than, eg 3<4
> means greater than, eg 5>4
> = means greater than or equal to
<= means less than or equal to
1. The elasticity of a balloon . the elasticity of a paste.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
2. The speed at which land warms is , the speed at which water warms.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
3. When a submarine sinks, the upward force . the submarine’s weight.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
4. The sea cools at a rate . than the land.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
5. When a submarine rises, the upward force . than the submarine’s weight.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
6. When a submarine rises, the amount of water is , air in its ballast tanks.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
7. The plasticity of a dough , the plasticity of a ball.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
8. A dough has # elasticity compared to a paste.
A Probably true
B Probably false
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
9. At night the air temperature over the sea is $to the temperature of the air over the land.
A Probably true
B Probably false
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
30. When a submarine remains at a given depth the weight of the submarine equals the upward force.
A True
B False
C Cannot tell
Answer( )
Data set 3
1. Answer A, True
Explanation: The question asks if the elasticity of a balloon is greater than the elasticity of a paste and we can infer from the passage of information that this is true.
2. Answer B, False
Explanation: The question asks if the speed at which land warms is less than the speed at which water warms and it is clear from the second set of data that this is not true.
3. Answer B, False
Explanation: The question asks if, when a submarine sinks, the upward force is greater than the submarine’s weight and we can tell from the last set of data that this is not true.
4. Answer B, False
Explanation: The question asks if the sea cools at a rate greater than the land and we know this to be false from the information provided in the passage.
5. Answer A, True
Explanation: The question asks if, when a submarine rises, the upward force is greater than the submarine’s weight and we can judge this statement as true from the information given in the second set of data.
6. Answer C, Cannot tell
Explanation: The given information describes the relationship between the submarine’s weight and its manoeuvres and not the amount of water or air in its tanks that makes those manoeuvres
possible.
7. Answer A, True
Explanation: The question asks if the plasticity of a dough is less than the plasticity of a ball and it is clear from the first passage of information that this is true.
8. Answer C, Cannot tell
Explanation: The question asks if a dough has less than or equal elasticity to a paste and we cannot tell from the information provided because it would depend on the characteristics of the
dough or paste.
9. Answer A, Probably true
Explanation: The question asks if at night the air temperature over the sea is greater than or equal to the temperature of the air over the land. We are told in the passage that at night the land cools faster than the sea and so the process is reversed. From this we can infer that the air over the sea is either warmer than or the same temperature as the air over the land and therefore the answer to the question is probably true.
10. Answer A, True
Explanation: The third set of data describes the principle behind the submarine’s manoeuvres as upward force = submarine’s weight and if the submarine remains at a given depth (does not rise or sink) then we can infer from the passage that the weight of the submarine is equal to the upward force.